Info Tbz
In addition to GB0 4 4, and GB2 4 4, GB-2 4 4 3.84 Fig. 2B. .Fig. 2C. -Fig. 2D. 17,18 . Fig. 1. Modeling of S5 012 symmetrical tilt GB. Gray balls indicate Ni atoms yellow balls indicate S atoms. 80 Ni atoms are included for the clean GB case. The red dashed lines indicate a two-dimensional unit cell. Because the GB plane is a mirror plane, GB and GB- 2 to 10 are crystallographical-ly equivalent sites. A Side view of the unit cell. The blue dashed line indicates the cross-sectional plane on...
Info Vxs
compared directly with the ones in the temperature-programmed reaction spectrum but are lower limits. We have also observed an IR absorption band at 1300 cm1, which we attribute to superoxo peroxo-type O2. In order to better disentangle the vibrational band of 13Co adsorbed on Au8 deposited on defect-poor films B from that of the CO weakly bound to the support material, the sample was annealed to 120 K. In this way, the 13CO frequency from MgO-adsorbed CO disappears, otherwise observed at 2127...
Paleontology
If an asteroid or comet impact wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, unleashing mammal evolution, then might a similar impact have triggered the even bigger extinction 251 million years ago that gave the ancestors of the dinosaurs their start Evidence for an impact at the boundary between the Permian and Triassic periods P-T has yet to convince most researchers Science, 14 May 2004, p. 941 . Now, the latest fossil evidence argues that the die-off resulted from a protracted crisis, one...
Brevia
Nonvolcanic Tremors Deep Beneath the San Andreas Fault We have discovered nonvolcanic tremor activity i.e., long-duration seismic signals with no clear P or S waves within a transform plate boundary zone along the San Andreas Fault SAF near Cholame, California, the inferred epicentral region 1 of the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake moment magnitude Mw 7.8 . The tremors occur at depths between 20 and 40 km, below the seismogenic zone i.e., the upper 15 km of Earth's crust where earthquakes occur ,...
people
Japan Prizes. Masatoshi Take-ichi, director of the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe, Japan, and Erkki Ruoslahti of the Burnham Institute in La Jolla, California, will split this year's Japan Prize for cell biology. Makoto Nagao, president of Japan's National Institute of Information and Communications Technology in Tokyo, will receive the Information and Media Technology prize. Takeichi above, left inset and Ruoslahti right inset made fundamental contributions toward elucidating...
How Obesity Causes Diabetes Not a Tall Tale
The epidemic of obesity-associated diabetes is a major crisis in modern societies, in which food is plentiful and exercise is optional. The biological basis of this problem has been explored from evolutionary and mechanistic perspectives. Evolutionary theories, focusing on the potential survival advantages of thrifty genes that are now maladaptive, are of great interest but are inherently speculative and difficult to prove. Mechanistic studies have revealed numerous fat-derived molecules and a...
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Fig. 3. A Stress displacement curves calculated from first principles. The first point of each line indicates the GB expansion with respect to the bulk interlayer distance in the 012 direction d_bulk 0.785 A . The relative GB expansion from the first point of each line indicates the displacement between fracture surfaces. The curves are plotted for the following cases bulk open squares , clean GB solid squares , GB0 4 4 open circles , GB0 4 4, GB2 1 4 solid circles , GB0 4 4, GB2 2 4 open...
Patent Law
Inventor Knocks Japan's System After Settlement Tokyo Shuji Nakamura may be 8 million richer. But his new wealth doesn't seem to have bought much happiness. Last week the Japanese-born engineer blasted his native country's attitude toward innovation and told colleagues they should join him in the United States if they want to be rewarded for their creative talents. His comments followed a court-mediated, 8 million settlement of a suit against his former employer for a share of the enormous...
Information For Contributors
See pages 135 and 136 of the 7 January 2005 issue or access editor-in-chief Donald Kennedy executive editor Monica M. Bradford R. Brooks Hanson, Katrina L. Keiner Colin Norman Editorial supervisory senior editors Barbara Jasny, Phillip D. Szuromi senior editor perspectives Orla Smith senior editors Gilbert J. Chin, Pamela J. Hines, Paula A. Kiberstis Boston , Beverly A. Purnell, L. Bryan Ray, Guy Riddihough Manila , Linda R. Rowan, David Voss associate editors Lisa D. Chong, Marc S. Lavine, H....
HCR Kns
plays a causal role in the development of the differences between the LCR and HCR rats Fig. 2 . PGC-1a, particularly because it interacts with PPAR-g, seems to be centrally positioned for influencing both energy metabolism and the progression of complex diseases. PGC-1a is a transcriptional coactivator involved in energy transfer pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis and permits PPAR-g to interact with many transcription factors 14 . PPAR-g, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, has been...
Info Bcq
Fig. 1. Electron microscope images of A CdS aerogels and B CdSe aerogels, illustrating the colloidal nature of the aerogel aggregates. The presence of mesopores 2 to 50 nm can be clearly seen. C A high-magnification image of a CdS aerogel heated in vacuo at 100 C, illustrating the crystalline nature of the nanoparticle architecture. The lattice fringe separation is 2.5 A, corresponding to the 102 reflection of hexagonal CdS. D A photograph provides a comparison of a wet CdS gel center with an...
V Yew
cle. These neurons communicate with each other by release from the presynaptic cell of the neurotransmitter glutamate see the figure, panel B , which then binds to receptors expressed by the lower motor neuron. Glutamate receptor activation triggers local membrane depolarization and generation of an electrical impulse that propagates down the full length of the neuron, where it stimulates release of another neurotransmitter that provokes contraction of the muscle. In the spinal cord, a...
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P. Zimmet, K. G. Alberti, J. Shaw, Nature 414, 782 2001 . M. K. Lingohr, R. Buettner, C. J. Rhodes, Trends Mol. Med. 8, 375 2002 . M. Y. Donath, P. A. Halban, Diabetologia 47, 581 2004 . S. E. Kahn, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 4047 2001 . J. L. Leahy, Diabetes Care 13, 992 1990 . G. C. Weir, S. Bonner-Weir, Diabetes 53 suppl. 3 , N. Mclean, R. F. Ogilvie, Diabetes 4, 367 1955 . A. E. Butler et al., Diabetes 52, 102 2003 . G. Kloppel, M. Lohr, K. Habich, M. Oberholzer, P. U. Heitz, Surv....
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Type Diabetes
Bradford B. Lowell1 and Gerald I. Shulman2 Maintenance of normal blood glucose levels depends on a complex interplay between the insulin responsiveness of skeletal muscle and liver and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by pancreatic cells. Defects in the former are responsible for insulin resistance, and defects in the latter are responsible for progression to hyperglycemia. Emerging evidence supports the potentially unifying hypothesis that both of these prominent features of type 2...
H Aaas
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Genetic Factors in Type Diabetes The End of the Beginning
The intensive search for genetic variants that predispose to type 2 diabetes was launched with optimism, but progress has been slower than was hoped. Even so, major advances have been made in the understanding of monogenic forms of the disease which together represent a substantial health burden, and a few common gene variants that influence susceptibility have now been unequivocally identified. Armed with a better understanding of the tools needed to detect such genes, it seems inevitable that...
Diabetes Obesity and the Brain
Michael W. Schwartz12 and Daniel Porte Jr. Recent evidence suggests a key role for the brain in the control of both body fat content and glucose metabolism. Neuronal systems that regulate energy intake, energy expenditure, and endogenous glucose production sense and respond to input from hormonal and nutrient-related signals that convey information regarding both body energy stores and current energy availability. In response to this input, adaptive changes occur that promote energy homeostasis...